turkey feathers art

Value of the rarity and beauty of Gold

Gold has been called the most beautiful of all chemical elements. Its beauty has made it desirable for use in jewelry, coins and works of art for thousands of years. He was among the first to be pure metals used by humans. Gold is one of the few elements that can affect policy and the economy. Wars have been fought over access to gold. Cities and towns have emerged and died out as gold was discovered and then mined out. Many countries still count their wealth according to the amount of gold they keep in storage.

Gold is in the middle of the periodic table. It is a heavy metal in a class known as transition metals. Gold is also known as a precious metal (such as platinum and silver). Large amounts of gold is still used in the manufacture of coins, medals, jewelry and art. Gold also has a number of uses in industry, medicine, and other applications. For example, a radioactive isotope of gold is commonly used to treat cancer. The chemical symbol for gold, Au comes from the Latin word for gold, aurum, which means "shining dawn."

Gold objects dating from 2600 BC have been found. They were discovered in the royal tombs of the ancient civilization of Ur These objects show that human beings had already learned how to work with gold this early history. Some of the gold, for example, was formed in the cables. One of the special skills developed by the Egyptians was the addition of gold to glass objects. They found a way to use gold to make glass a beautiful ruby red color. The glass became known as the ruby crystal gold.

Gold is also mentioned in several places in the Bible. A passage from Exodus, for example, refers to the clothing worn by Aaron, "And so did beat the gold into thin sheets and cut it into wires, to work in blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen, embroidery work. "Writings all stages of human history speak of the discovery and use of gold. Roman historian Pliny the Elder (AD 23-79), for example, describes gold mining sites. The Romans found lying in stream beds in the river Tagus, in Spain, the Po River in Italy Hebro River in Thrace (modern Greece), the river Pactolus in Asia Minor (Now Turkey) and the Ganges River in India.

One of the most famous of using gold is the gold medal. Athletes from around the world of dreams arrived first at the Olympics. That means they can step up to the winners podium and wear her gold medal with pride. But the gold is not solid gold. Actually made of silver. A thin layer of gold covers the silver. The last time a solid gold medal was used in the Olympics was in 1912. Christopher Columbus found gold nuggets located at the bottom of rivers and ports in Haiti. Gold has long been known in the New World, too. During a visit to Haiti Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) found gold nuggets lying on the bottom of rivers and harbors. A Portuguese explorer in 1586, Lopez Vaz, wrote that the region Veragua call (now Panama) was the richest in the land "of gold [in] the rest of the Indies." In the United States, of course, the most famous story on gold came at the end of 1840. Thousands of people flocked to California in search of gold. This period was called the Gold Rush. The people became very rich or not found nothing at all during this exciting time in history.

Gold is ductile and malleable. Ductile means that can be drawn into thin wires. Malleable means capable being beaten into thin sheets. A piece of gold weighing only 20 grams (a little less than an oz) can be hammered into a sheet covering more than 6 square meters (68 square feet). The road will be only 0.00025 centimeter (one ten-thousandth of an inch) thick. A gold foil of this thickness is often used to the letters on signs in the window. Gold is very soft. In general, can be scratched by a penny. Its melting point is 1064.76 ° C (1948.57 ° F) and point boiling point of approximately 2,700 ° C (4,900 ° F). Its density is 19.3 grams per cubic centimeter. Two important properties are its reflectivity and the lack electrical resistance. Heat and light are reflected in the gold very well. But an electric current passes through the gold very easily.

Overall, gold is not very reactive. Do not combine with oxygen or dissolve in most acids. It does not react with halogens such as chlorine or bromine, with ease. These chemical properties also account for some of the important uses of gold. Gold coins, for example, do not corrode (rust) or tarnish very easily. Nor, works of art or gold jewelry.

Gold occurs in nature, both in his home state and in compounds. The home state of an element is its free state. Not combined with any other element. The most common compounds of gold are the tellurides. A telluride is a compound of tellurium element and one or more other items. For example, the mineral is mainly calavarite gold telluride (AuTe2). At one point, gold was found in fragments or pieces large enough to see. People removed by scooping gold out of streams and rivers. In fact, gold was once very common in some parts of the world. People value because it was not unusual, but because it was so beautiful.

The abundance gold in the earth's crust is estimated at about 0,005 parts per million. That makes it one of the most rare ten in the Earth's crust. The gold is thought to be much more common in the oceans. Some people believe as many as 70 million tons of gold are dissolved in seawater. He also believes there may be other 10 billion tons at the bottom of the oceans. So far, however, no one has found a way to this gold mine. About a quarter of the world's gold comes from South Africa. Others major metal producers are the United States, Australia, Canada, China and Russia. In the United States, about two thirds of its gold is mined in Nevada. California, Montana, Alaska and South Dakota also produce gold.

The most famous story about gold in the United States could be the gold rush of 1849. Already in the sixteenth century, records contained stories about a great Dorado (the golden "in Spanish means" golden covered with gold ") on the west coast of the United States. Tales of this magical city is repeated for centuries.

In late 1840, the explorers began to travel from the East coast to California in search of El Dorado. The visitor flow was slow at first. Gold was first discovered in 1848 at a place called Sutter's Mill Sutter's Mill was located near the present city Coloma, California. Word of the discovery spread quickly. Within a year, thousands of men and women made the long, expensive and exhausting journey. Most people traveled across the U.S. in covered wagons or on horseback. Many of them had to cross mountains, plains and deserts. Due to the difficult conditions many people and animals became ill or died. Some people traveled around Cape Horn at the bottom of South America or across the Isthmus of Panama. No matter what route was used, usually the journey took months.

When people arrived in California, hundreds of mining camps was lifted. Some of them had color names. Poker Flat, Hangtown, Red Dog, Delight of hell, and Whiskey Bar are just a few! Mining for gold was hard work. Miners usually ended be a great success or terrible failure. The Gold Rush of 1849 changed the whole state of California. He also helped expand the United States. At one point, gold was found in pieces or seeds large enough to see. There is only one natural isotope, gold-197. About two dozen radioactive isotopes Gold is also known. A radioactive isotope of gold is widely used in medicine, gold-198. This isotope has two main uses. First, you can use to study the liver. It is made in a format known as colloidal gold. Colloidal gold is very fine particles of gold mixed in a liquid solution. Gold colloid is injected into the patient's body, where it travels to the liver. There, you can detect because of the radiation it emits. Radiation can be used to establish if the liver is functioning normally or not.

In a 1986 study, experts estimated that 121 000 tonnes of gold had been mined throughout history. Colloidal Gold is also used to treat medical problems. In some forms of cancer, the body develops large quantities of fluid in the space around the stomach and intestines (the peritoneum). One way to deal with this collection of fluid is colloidal gold. The colloidal gold is injected into the peritoneum. Not able to leave and enter the peritoneum the stomach and intestines. While in the peritoneum, the colloidal gold emits radiation. Radiation kills cancer cells that cause fluid buildup.

There are at least two ways to remove the gold from their mines. One is a mixture of mineral with metallic mercury. Mercury combines with the gold in the ore to form amalgamation. An amalgam is a mixture of two or more metals, one of which is mercury. The amalgam of gold ore is extracted. Is heated to remove mercury. Pure gold is maintained.

What weighs more: a kilo of feathers or a pound of gold? Teachers often try to fool the students with this question of age. The answer seems to be simple: a pound is a pound. A pound of feathers and a pound of gold weighing the same amount. But that's not quite true. In the English system, most of the substances measured using the AV. In the AV, there are 16 ounces to the pound.

But gold is weighed differently. Use the troy system. In the system troy, in a book contains only 12 ounces. Thus, a pound of feathers (AV) weighs four ounces more than a pound of gold (troy system). The weight of other metals precious as silver and platinum, are also measured using the troy system. Gold was also weighed in carats. One carat is defined as one-fifth of a gram, or milligrams 200.

Gold is rarely used in pure form. The metal is too soft. It would bend or break if used pure. Instead, it is used in combination with other metals called alloys. An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals. The mixture has properties different from those of the individual metals. The amount of gold in an alloy is expressed in carats. Pure gold metal (mixed with any other metal) is said to be 24 carat gold. An alloy that contains 20 parts gold and four silver coins is 20 carat gold. The "20 carat" designation means that the alloy contains 20 parts gold and 4 parts of another thing (silver, in this case).

Gold stored in a national bank can be 24 karat gold. It is never used for any practical purpose. But gold used for any actual implementation is almost always less than 24 carats. It should include other metals that make it stronger and harder. gold ores can also be treated with potassium cyanide (KCN) or some other form of cyanide. The combined gold with cyanide to form a new compound, cyanate gold. The gold cyanide is then treated with an active metal like zinc. The active metal replaces gold in the compound, leaving pure gold.

In a 1986 study, experts estimated that 121 000 tonnes of gold had been mined throughout history. Of that amount, about 18,000 tons were used in industry, research, health, and other "dissipative uses." Dissipative means that the gold was gone one time use. It became devices that were launched at the end away. Gold could not or could not be retrieved from the devices. Of the remaining 103,000 tons of gold, about one third (35,000 tons) were converted into gold bars national banks. The gold bars are used as security for national monetary systems. In the United States, example, the nation's supply of gold is stored at Fort Knox, Kentucky.

Finally, the remaining 68,000 tonnes of gold owned by individuals. This gold there in the form of jewelry, coins, or gold. Gold bullion bars or other large pieces of pure gold. Jewelry is the largest single use of gold. In 1996, about 3290 tons of gold were made worldwide. Of that amount, nearly 85 percent was made into jewelry. The second largest use of gold (about 213 tons, or about 7) was in devices industrial and consumer products. Examples include electrical contacts and switches, laboratory equipment, printed circuit boards, dental alloys, instruments in vehicles space, and nozzles used in the production of synthetic fibers. Gold is not required to maintain good health in plants or animals. It can be injected into a plant or an animal without causing harmful effects. Some of their medical and commercial uses are based on this property.

About the Author

Dr. Badruddin Khan teaches Chemistry in the University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.

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